MATHS 255 Principles of Mathematics
Study Guide, Second Semester 2005

This is a one semester, 2 point course, taught at the City Campus.

This course aims to give a broad introduction to mathemetical thinking and communication, rather than technique. The main thrust is not so much finding the right answer to a problem as convincing someone else (or yourself) that the answer must be right.

By the end of this course, you will be familiar with the basics of how to go about proving something, you will be used to seeing a new definition and deriving simple consequences of that definition, and you will have met widely used mathematical objects like groups and equivalence relations. You will also have learned more about some familiar structures: the natural numbers and the real numbers. All this will prepare you well for Stage 3 courses in Pure Mathematics. It should also prepare you to tackle new real-life problems instead of limiting yourself to problems someone else has already solved for you!

Because the nature of the course is quite different from what you have seen before, the teaching and assessment methods will also be new. An important part of what you are learning is the ability to communicate mathematics. Some time during lectures will be given over to group discussions, where you will be expected to decide and to convince your fellow students of how to prove the propositions on the blackboard. You will also be expected to participate in ``Collaborative Tutorials'': see below for details.

 

Syllabus

 

Logic (1.5 weeks)
Statements, variables, theorems, truth tables and other basic ideas of formal logic. Methods of proof: direct proof, proof by contraposition, proof by contradiction. Existence and uniqueness proofs. Examples and counterexamples.
Set Theory (0.5 weeks)
Sets, basic set operations, De Morgan's laws.
Induction (1 week)
The axiom of induction and complete induction.
Relations and Orderings (1 week)
Relations, (partial) orders, partitions and equivalence relations.
Functions (1 week)
The formal definition of a function, composition, inverse.
Elementary Number Theory (1.5 week)
The natural numbers and integers, divisibility, factorization, the Euclidean algorithm, congruence mod n.
Algebra of polynomials (0.5 weeks)
Division of polynomials, Euclidean algorithm for polynomials.
Groups (2 weeks)
Binary operations. Groups defined. Examples. Subgroups, group homomorphisms, quotient groups and cosets.
Real Numbers (1 week)
Axioms for the real numbers, total ordering, least upper bounds, Archimedian property, convergence of sequences.
Introduction to Real Analysis (2 weeks)
Formal definitions of continuity and differentiability. Uniform continuity, Taylor's theorem.

 

 

Recommended Preparation

One of MATHS 109, 152, 130, 250, or a B+ or better in 208, or equivalent.

 

Calculators

Calculators will be permitted in the Test and the Examination.

 

Course Material

The text is the Second Edition of Chapter Zero Fundamental Notions of Abstract Mathematics by C. Schumacher (Addison-Wesley). The course will follow this book closely, so we strongly recommend that you purchase your own copy. It will be available on short loan in the Science Library. Lecture notes for some topics not covered by the textbook will be handed out in lectures.

 

Assessment

This will be based on assignments and collaborative tutorials (20%), the semester test (10%) and the final exam (70%), OR on assignments and collaborative tutorials (10%), the semester test (10%) and the final exam (80%), whichever is higher.

Note that the test and coursework count at least 20% towards your final mark.

Work will be marked for its clarity and precision as well as its content. For example, a proof poorly expressed with symbols undefined might be failed even if the ``idea'' of the proof is correct. Conversely, if a proof is well set up it might gain a pass mark even if the details are not complete. We encourage students to work together on the assignments, but remember that what you hand in must be your own work!

The Semester Test will held during class time on Thursday September 22. No makeup test will be given.

The five assignments are to be handed in by 4pm on the following Thursdays: August 4th and 18th, September 15th and 29th, October 13th.

The Student Resource Centre will not accept late assignments under any circumstances. Assignments placed in the wrong box will not be marked, so be careful where you put your work. The overall assignment mark will be based on these assignments and on marks in the collaborative tutorials (see below). Each assignment will be worth 80 marks and each collaborative tutorial will be worth 20 marks, to give a total out of 500 marks.

 

Lectures and Tutorials

The class will meet every weekday at 3pm, in Geology 1060 on Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Fridays, and in Engineering 3407 on Thursdays.

Tutorial sessions will be held every Wednesday (except in the first week of the semester). There will be five `regular' tutorials with an emphasis on review and working through problems and five `collaborative' tutorials where students work in groups of three on a problem to be handed in at the end of the session for marking.

The collaborative tutorials are run as follows: a tutorial assignment is completed during the tutorial working in groups of 3 (although we may accept groups 2 or 4 people if necessary). You don't have to be in the same group each time.

There will be a few short questions designed to be able to be answered in about 40-45 minutes. 10 minutes before the end you will be required to put your answers onto provided sheets which are handed in. A brief rundown of the answers is then given on an overhead.

 

Summary of Important Dates

R is a `regular' tutorial, C is a `collaborative' tutorial, A is an assignment due date. The semester test will held during class time on Thursday May 5. No makeup test will be given

Week Dates Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri
1 18-22 July          
2 25-29 July     R1    
3 1-5 August     C1 A1  
4 8-12 August     R2    
5 15-19 August     C2 A2  
6 22-26 August     R3    
    B R E A K
7 12-16 September     C3 A3  
8 19-23 September   R4 Test  
9 26-30 September     C4 A4  
10 3-7 October     R5    
11 10-14 October     C5 A5  
12 17-21 October     R6    

 

Office hours

You are encouraged to approach your lecturer with any questions or suggestions you have about the course. Specific office hours will be announced in class.

 

Lecturers

Jamie Sneddon
         Email sneddon@math.auckland.ac.nz
  Office Maths/Physics Building, Room 303.305
  Phone 373 7599 ext 82121

 

Course Homepage

The WWW homepage for this course is

http://www.math.auckland.ac.nz/~class255.

From here you will be able to download copies of the assignments and other handouts. Handouts will also be available on CECIL, and you will be able to check up on your coursework marks on there.